闅忕潃鍩庡競(jìng)鍖栬繘紼嬩笉鏂姞蹇紝鎻愰珮紺懼尯娌葷悊鍜屾湇鍔℃按騫蟲樉寰楄秺鏉ヨ秺閲嶈銆傜洰鍓?鎴戠渷閮ㄥ垎紺懼尯鍦ㄧ鐞嗕笌鏈嶅姟涓瓨鍦ㄧ潃涓嶅皯鐭涚浘鍜岄棶棰橈紝涓昏琛ㄧ幇鍦細(xì)
涓�銆佺ぞ鍖烘湇鍔″唴瀹瑰拰褰㈠紡鍗曚竴
鏈嶅姟鍐呭鍗曚竴錛屼互鏀垮簻鎻愪緵鐨勫叕鍏辨湇鍔′負(fù)涓伙紝鏈嶅姟瀵硅薄浠ヨ�佸勾浜恒�佹畫鐤句漢銆侀潚灝戝勾鍜屽け涓氫漢鍛樼瓑鐗規(guī)畩緹や綋涓轟富錛岀洿鎺ラ潰鍚戝叏浣撶ぞ鍖哄眳姘戠殑鏈嶅姟欏圭洰涓嶅銆傜ぞ鍖烘皯闂翠腑浠嬬粍緇囧彂灞曠紦鎱紝浜哄憳鍙備笌鐜囦綆錛屾湭鑳藉艦鎴愮粡甯告�ф椿鍔ㄦ満鍒躲�傜洰鍓?鍦ㄥ煄甯?jìng)鍩哄眰绀惧尯闄や簡(jiǎn)琛楅亾鍔炰簨澶勫拰灞呭浼?xì)浠ュ錛屽叾浠栫ぞ浼?xì)鍥綋鍜屼腑浠嬫�хぞ浼?xì)缁劸l囦笉浠呮暟閲忔湁闄愶紝鑰屼笖緙轟箯鐙珛鎬с�?br />
浜屻�佺ぞ鍖哄伐浣滆�呴槦浼嶆湁寰呭姞寮?br />
紺懼尯宸ヤ綔浜哄憳灝戯紝浠誨姟閲嶃�傛垜鐪佹瘡涓ぞ鍖哄鉤鍧囦笉瓚?浜猴紝鍦ㄧ鐞嗘湇鍔″ソ鏈ぞ鍖哄嚑鍗冨悕灞呮皯鐨勫悓鏃訛紝榪橀渶瑕佸仛濂戒笂闂ㄨ蛋璁褲�佹櫘鏌ョ櫥璁般�佸崗鍔╂墽娉曠瓑鍚勯」鏈亴宸ヤ綔鍜岀淮紼熾�佸垱鍗瓑涓婄駭鏀挎満鍏充笅媧劇殑浠誨姟錛岀ぞ鍖洪毦浠ユ弧瓚崇ぞ鍖哄眳姘戝鏍峰寲鐨勬湇鍔￠渶姹傘�?br />
涓夈�佺ぞ鍖鴻嚜娌誨害涓嶉珮錛屽眳姘戝弬涓庝笉瓚?br />
涓�鏄眳濮斾細(xì)鐨勮亴鑳介敊浣嶏紝鐢辮嚜娌繪�х殑緹や紬緇勭粐鍙樻垚浜?jiǎn)鍑嗘斂搴滅殑琛屾斂鎬х粍緇囷紝涓�瀹氱▼搴︿笂濡ㄧ浜?jiǎn)鑷舱d姛鑳界殑姝ｅ父鍙戞尌銆備簩鏄眳姘戝弬涓庡眰嬈′笉娣憋紝澶ч儴鍒嗘儏鍐典笅鍙槸鍙備笌紺懼尯浜嬪姟鍏蜂綋瀹炴柦榪囩▼錛岃�屽緢灝戝弬涓庣ぞ鍖轟簨鍔″喅絳栥�佺鐞嗗拰鐩戠潱榪囩▼銆備笁鏄ぞ鍖烘帶鍒剁殑璧勬簮鏈夐檺錛屼篃瀵艱嚧紺懼尯灞呮皯瀵圭ぞ鍖哄叕鍏變簨鍔″弬涓庣儹鎯呬笉楂樸�?br />
鍥涖�佺ぞ鍖虹鐞嗕綋鍒朵笉瀹屽杽
榪戝勾鏉ユ垜鍥藉姞寮轟簡(jiǎn)紺懼尯鏂歸潰鐨勭珛娉曞伐浣?鐩哥戶鍑哄彴浜?jiǎn)涓�浜涙硶寰嬫硶瑙勩�備絾鍦ㄥ疄璺典腑,紺懼尯綆＄悊媧誨姩浠嶆棫涓昏渚濋潬琛屾斂鍛戒護(hù), 緙轟箯鍏呰凍鐨勬硶寰嬩緷鎹�傜ぞ鍖虹鐞嗗伐浣滅粡甯歌涓庣浉搴旀斂搴滈儴闂ㄥ伐浣滈厤鍚堟垨琛旀帴,浣嗚亴璐ｅ垝鍒嗗嵈涓嶅娓呮櫚銆?br />
浜斻�佺墿涓氱鐞嗛毦搴﹁緝澶?br />
棣栧厛錛?ldquo;浜烘埛鍒嗙”銆佸眳姘戞枃鏄庣礌璐ㄣ�佹祦鍔ㄤ漢鍙ｃ�佺ぞ鍖轟笌鐗╀笟鍏徃涔嬮棿鐨勫叧緋葷瓑闂閮藉鑷寸ぞ鍖虹鐞嗛毦搴﹀澶с�傚叾嬈★紝鐗╀笟鍏徃浠庝笟浜哄憳鏁翠綋绱犺川涓嶉珮銆佷笓涓氫漢鎵嶇煭緙恒�佷漢鍛樻祦鍔ㄦ�уぇ銆傛渶鍚庯紝涓氬浼?xì)迮炲悓铏氳锛尵~轟箯鐩稿叧閮ㄩ棬鏀寔錛岄毦浠ョ淮鎶や笟涓繪潈鍒┿�傝繖浜涘師鍥犲鑷寸墿涓氱鐞嗗紩鍙戠殑鐭涚浘綰犵悍鍛堜笂鍗囪秼鍔匡紝鍏朵腑娑夊強(qiáng)澶氭埛灞呮皯鐨勭兢浣撶籂綰鋒瘮渚嬪澶с�?br />
閽堝瀛樺湪鐨勪互涓婇棶棰橈紝寤鴻閲囧彇浠ヤ笅鎺柦鍔犲己紺懼尯娌葷悊涓庢湇鍔¤兘鍔涖�傚叿浣撳緩璁涓?
涓�銆佸垱鏂扮ぞ鍖虹鐞嗕綋鍒?br />
涓�鏄悊欏鴻閬撲笌紺懼尯鍏氱粍緇囥�佺ぞ鍖哄厷緇勭粐涓庣ぞ鍖哄叕鍏辯鐞嗘湇鍔＄粍緇囥�佺ぞ鍖哄叕鍏辯鐞嗘湇鍔＄粍緇囦笌紺懼尯鑷不緇勭粐涓夌鍏崇郴錛屾槑紜満鏋勮亴鑳斤紝紜繚鍚勫徃鍏惰亴錛涗簩鏄紜鐞嗗熀灞傛斂紺懼叧緋匯�傛寜鐓?ldquo;鏉冮殢璐ｈ蛋銆佽垂闅忎簨杞?rdquo;鐨勫師鍒?紺懼尯灞呭浼?xì)渚濇硶鍗忓姪涓娋Uх粍緇囧紑灞曟墍搴旀壙鎷呯殑宸ヤ綔錛涗笁鏄仴鍏ㄧぞ鍖虹鐞嗕綋緋伙紝灝嗙ぞ鍖虹鐞嗕綋緋誨垝鍒嗕負(fù)棰嗗鏈烘瀯銆佸喅絳栫洃鐫ｆ満鏋勩�佽浜嬫満鏋勩�佹墽琛屾満鏋勫洓涓眰嬈★紝褰㈡垚鍦ㄧぞ鍖哄厷緇勭粐鐨勯瀵間笅錛屽湪灞呮皯浠ｈ〃澶т細(xì)鍜岀ぞ鍖虹鐞嗗鍛樹(shù)細(xì)鐨勫喅絳栫洃鐫ｄ笅錛屽眳姘戝鍛樹(shù)細(xì)璁簨銆佺ぞ鍖哄伐浣滅珯騫蹭簨鐨勭鐞嗘ā寮忋�?br />
浜屻�佸姞寮虹ぞ鍖洪槦浼嶅緩璁?br />
涓�鏄彁楂樼ぞ鍖哄伐浣滆�呭緟閬囷紝閫愭瀹屽杽浼樼紺懼尯騫查儴宸ヨ祫鏅嬪崌鏈哄埗錛涗簩鏄鍔犵ぞ鍖哄伐浣滆�呮暟閲忥紝鎸夌収涓�涓ぞ鍖?-9浜虹殑鏍囧噯閰嶇疆灞呭浼?xì)鎴愬憳锛屽浜庤緰鍖轰汉鍙ｈ緝澶氥�佷換鍔¤緝閲嶇殑紺懼尯灞呭浼?xì)锛岄�傚綋澧炲姞涓撹亴宸ヤ綔浜哄憳銆傚悓鏃惰繘涓�姝ユ帹鍔ㄧぞ鍖哄織鎰胯�呴槦浼嶅緩璁撅紝鎷撳紺懼尯宸ヤ綔闃熶紞寤鴻灞傞潰錛涗笁鏄仴鍏ㄧ洃鐫ｇ害鏉熸満鍒訛紝寤虹珛紺懼尯宸ヤ綔緇煎悎鑰冭瘎鍒跺害錛屽勾緇堢粍緇囩ぞ鍖哄眳姘戜唬琛ㄧ瓑瀵圭ぞ鍖哄伐浣滆繘琛岀患鍚堣�冩牳璇勪及錛屽姞澶у紺懼尯騫查儴鑰冩牳鐨勯�忔槑搴︺�?br />
涓夈�佹帹榪涘眳姘戝弬涓庣ぞ鍖哄叕鍏變簨鍔＄鐞?br />
鍒跺畾鐩稿簲鐨勮绔犲埗搴︼紝寤虹珛鍜屽畬鍠勫眳姘戝弬涓庢満鍒躲�備竴鏄�氳繃瀵瑰叕姘戞剰璇嗐�佹皯涓繪剰璇嗐�佹硶娌繪剰璇嗙殑瀹ｄ紶鍜屾櫘鍙?qiáng)锛屽姞寮哄眳姘戝绀惧尯鐨勮鐭ュ拰璁ゅ悓锛涗簩鏄U瀬寮�灞曢潰鍚戞墍鏈夊璞°�佽鐩栦笉鍚屽眰嬈°�佸艦寮忓鏍風(fēng)殑紺懼尯媧誨姩錛屼緥濡傛枃浣撴椿鍔ㄣ�佹厛鍠勬椿鍔ㄣ�佸眳姘戣仛槨愪細(xì)絳夛紝涓轟笉鍚岃儗鏅殑灞呮皯鎻愪緵涓�涓壇濂界殑浜ゆ祦鍦烘墍錛岃瀺媧戒漢闄呭叧緋伙紝澧炲己鍏ㄤ綋灞呮皯鐨勭ぞ鍖哄綊灞炴劅鍜岀ぞ鍖鴻鍚屾劅錛涗笁鏄敮鎸佸拰榧撳姳紺懼尯鍐呰濡備笟涓誨鍛樹(shù)細(xì)銆佸悇縐嶈嚜娌誨洟浣撶殑鍙戝睍,涔熷彲浠ラ紦鍔變互妤間負(fù)鍗曚綅鍔犲己娌熼�?寤虹珛鑷垜綆＄悊鏈哄埗銆?br />
鍥涖�佸畬鍠勭浉鍏蟲硶寰嬶紝紜繚紺懼尯鑷不鏈夋硶鍙緷
鐜拌鐨勩�婁腑鍗庝漢姘戝叡鍜屽浗鍩庡競(jìng)灞呮皯濮斿憳?shù)細(xì)缁劸l囨硶銆?989騫撮甯冿紝1990騫村垵瀹炴柦銆傚湪榪囧幓鐨勪簩鍗佷簲騫存槸鎴戝浗蹇�熷彂灞曠殑鏃舵湡錛屽緢澶氭儏鍐甸兘宸茬粡鍙戠敓鍙樺寲銆傚洜姝わ紝鍦ㄧ鍚堢浉鍏蟲硶瀹氱殑鎯呭喌涓嬶紝灝芥棭鍑哄彴鎴戠渷鍩庡競(jìng)紺懼尯鑷不鍦版柟鎬ф硶瑙勶紝閫氳繃娉曞緥浣跨ぞ鍖鴻澆浣撴槑鏅幫紝浣跨ぞ鍖虹粍緇囦笌鏀垮簻鑱岃兘閮ㄩ棬鍜岃閬撳姙浜嬪涔嬮棿鏉冨埄銆佷箟鍔′笌鑱岃兘鏇村姞鏄庣‘錛岄槻姝㈡斂搴滆亴鑳介儴闂ㄦ垨琛楅亾灝嗗叾鑱岃矗杞珌緇欑ぞ鍖猴紝鍑忚交紺懼尯宸ヤ綔璐熸媴錛屼繚闅滅ぞ鍖哄悇欏硅嚜娌繪潈鍒╃殑鐪熸钀藉疄銆?br />
浜斻�佸皢鐗╀笟綆＄悊綰沖叆紺懼尯綆＄悊宸ヤ綔鏈哄埗
涓�鏄瀯寤虹ぞ鍖烘不鐞嗕笌鐗╀笟綆＄悊鐩哥粨鍚堢殑騫沖彴銆傚彲鍏堥�夋嫨紺懼尯浣滀負(fù)璇曠偣錛岀Н鏋佹帹琛岀ぞ鍖哄厷緇勭粐棰嗗涓嬬殑紺懼尯灞呭浼?xì)銆佷笟涓誨鍛樹(shù)細(xì)銆佺墿涓氬叕鍙?ldquo;涓変綅涓�浣?rdquo;鐨勭鐞嗘湇鍔℃ā寮忥紝閫氳繃浜ゅ弶浠昏亴銆佷婦琛屼笁鏂硅仈甯細(xì)璁瓑鏂瑰紡寮�灞曞伐浣滐紝鎵撻�犳牱鏉跨ず鑼冪偣錛涗簩鏄畬鍠勭墿涓氱鐞嗙籂綰蜂漢姘戣皟瑙ｆ満鍒躲�備互鐗╀笟綆＄悊綰犵悍浣滀負(fù)閲嶇偣璋冨鍐呭錛屽緩绔嬬墿涓氱籂綰瘋皟瑙ｅ鍛樹(shù)細(xì)錛屾帹騫垮緥甯堢ぞ鍖轟細(xì)瀹㈠埗搴︼紝鍥寸粫鐗╀笟璐規(guī)敹緙淬�佽濺杈嗗仠鏀劇瓑綰犵悍鍔犲ぇ璋冨鍔涘害錛屽垏瀹炴妸鐗╀笟綆＄悊鐭涚浘綰犵悍鍖栬В鍦ㄥ熀灞傦紱涓夋槸鍏呭疄紺懼尯鐗╀笟鐩戠鍔涢噺銆傜ぞ鍖哄眳濮斾細(xì)搴斿姞寮哄紺懼尯鐗╀笟綆＄悊媧誨姩鐨勬寚瀵箋�佺洃鐫ｅ拰鍗忚皟錛屽弬涓庤�冭瘎紺懼尯鐗╀笟鏈嶅姟浼佷笟鏈嶅姟鎯呭喌錛涘洓鏄姞寮虹ぞ鍖轟笟涓誨鍛樹(shù)細(xì)寤鴻銆傚絎﹀悎鎴愮珛鏉′歡鐨勫晢鍝佷綇瀹呭皬鍖猴紝鐢辮閬撳姙鐗靛ご錛屾寜鐓ф湁鍏寵瀹氭姄濂戒笟涓誨ぇ浼?xì)鎴愮珛宸ヤ綔锛屽垏瀹為�夊ソ閰嶅己涓氫富濮斿憳?shù)細(xì)銆?br />